|
Admiral Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans, KCB, DSO, SGM (28 October 1880〔H. G. Thursfield, ‘Evans, Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell, first Baron Mountevans (1880–1957)’, rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011.〕 – 20 August 1957), known as "Teddy" Evans, was a British naval officer and Antarctic explorer. Evans was seconded from the Navy to the Discovery Expedition of the Antarctic in 1901–04, when he served on the crew of the relief ship, and afterwards began planning his own Antarctic expedition. However, he suspended this plan when offered the post of second-in-command on Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated expedition to the South Pole in 1910–1913, as captain of the expedition ship ''Terra Nova''. He accompanied Scott to within 150 miles of the Pole, but later became seriously ill with scurvy and only narrowly survived the return journey. Ironically, since the entire team that continued towards the Pole died, the life-threatening scurvy indirectly saved Evans' life. After the expedition he toured the country giving lectures, and returned to his naval duties as a Commander in the summer of 1914. He spent the First World War as a destroyer captain, becoming famous as "Evans of the ''Broke''" after the Battle of Dover Strait in 1917. He commanded a cruiser at Hong Kong in 1921–22, where he was awarded a medal for his role in rescuing passengers from the wrecked-vessel ''Hong Moh'', and then spent several years commanding the Home Fisheries Protection Squadron before being given command of the modern battlecruiser ''Repulse''. He later commanded the Australian Squadron and the Africa Station before becoming Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, one of the Navy's senior Home Commands; during this time, unusually for a serving officer, he was also Rector of the University of Aberdeen. After four years at the Nore he handed over command in early 1939 and was appointed Civil Defence Commissioner for London during the preparations for the Second World War; after the German invasion of Norway he travelled there to liaise with King Haakon VII, a personal acquaintance. He remained in a civil defence role throughout the War, though he had officially retired from the Navy in 1941, and was raised to the Peerage in 1945, sitting in the House of Lords as a Labour member. ==Early life== Edward Ratcliffe Garth Evans, known to his family and friends as "Teddy", was born in London on 28 October 1880, at a mews near Berkeley Square. He was the second of three sons born to Frank Evans and his wife Eliza, ''née'' McNulty.〔(www.burkespeerage.com )〕 Frank Evans, a young barrister at Lincoln's Inn, hailed from a large Lancashire family of Welsh descent; his father had been a provision merchant in Oldham. Eliza McNulty's family were of Irish origin and lived at Deptford.〔Pound, pp. 1-3〕 The family were respectably middle-class, but the three Evans children did not behave as respectably as might be expected; when Edward was nine, he and his brothers frequently roamed far into the East End, on one occasion being detained by the police after a theft. Edward and his older brother Joe were admitted to the Merchant Taylors' School in 1890, when he was ten, and were expelled for fighting and truancy a year later. He was then sent to a relatively modern school in the countryside near Croydon, which aimed to educate "troublesome boys";〔Pound, p. 5〕 despite being the youngest boy and often victimised and homesick, he enjoyed the rural environment and responded well to the teaching. He later attended a school in Maida Vale where he obtained high marks but slipped back into his old misbehaviour; the headmaster responded by making him a prefect, which shocked Evans into self-discipline. He became one of the school's star performers, with a string of prizes, before leaving at 14.〔Pound, pp. 3-8〕 Evans sought a career at sea, and while at school had tried, but failed, to obtain a cadetship with the Royal Navy training ship HMS ''Britannia''. The alternatives open to him were to be "crammed" by an expensive tutor and resit the ''Britannia'' examination, or to attend the cheaper privately run training ship HMS ''Worcester'', which mainly trained officers for the Merchant Navy. His father chose the latter, and Evans joined the ''Worcester'' in January 1895. He was heavily bullied, but by the middle of his second year had found his place, and gained a reputation as an able and diligent - if still troublesome - cadet. He won several prizes, culminating in a coveted Navy cadetship in his final year.〔Pound, pp. 8-13〕 The newly commissioned Midshipman Evans was posted to the cruiser ''Hawke'' in the Mediterranean in 1897, a ship noted for her immaculate presentation and strict conduct, which was not entirely to Evans' taste. In August he became seriously ill with brucellosis, after drinking contaminated milk, and was sent home to recover for three months. During this time, he gained a lasting fanaticism for physical fitness, walking forty or fifty miles in a day and swimming for hours in the sea; he would maintain this state of fitness for decades to come. After returning to duty, he was posted to the battleship ''Repulse'' and then the sloop ''Dolphin'', following which he was examined and passed as a Sub-Lieutenant. He then studied at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, interrupted with a posting to , where he first encountered then-Lieutenant Robert Falcon Scott.〔Pound, pp. 14-19〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|